What are the different types of piano notes?

Whole notes are notes that are held for four beats in a bar of 4/4 time. It is represented by an open oval shape with no stem and it is often the longest note value in standard music notation.

Half notes are notes with a duration of two beats in a bar of 4/4 time. They look similar to a whole note but have a stem attached. 

Quarter notes are notes with a duration of one beat in a bar of 4/4 time. It is represented by a filled-in oval with a stem and is one of the most common note values in many musical genres.

Eighth notes are notes which last for half a beat in a 4/4 time signature. It is represented by a filled-in oval with a stem and a flag, or a beam when played in succession.

Sixteenth notes are notes with a duration one quarter of a beat in a bar of 4/4 time. It is represented by a filled-in oval with a stem and two flags or two beams when played in succession.

Thirty-second notes are notes with a duration of one eighth of a beat in a bar of 4/4 time. It is represented by a filled-in oval with a stem and three flags, or three beams when played in succession. 

Double-dotted notes have two dots placed after them, with the second dot adding half the duration of the first dot to the note’s length. For example, a double-dotted half note lasts for three and a half beats.

Triplets are groups of three notes played in the time of two notes of the same value. For example, a triplet of eighth notes is played in the time of two regular eighth notes, creating a compound time feel.

Grace notes, or acciaccatura, are very short, quick notes played just before a main note, without receiving its full value. It is used to ornament or embellish a melody, often seen in classical music. It is smaller than a normal note and can be identified by the addition of a slash.

Tied notes are two or more notes connected by a curved line, indicating that they should be played as a single note with the combined duration. For example, a tie between a half note and a quarter note would make the sound last for three beats. They are generally used to play notes over bar lines and group notes correctly.

Fermatas are symbols that indicate a note or rest should be held longer than its usual value. The performer holds the note or rest until the conductor or pianist decides to continue.

Rest notes are symbols that indicate silence for a specific duration. Similar to notes, each rest has a corresponding value: whole rest, half rest, quarter rest and so on. Rest notes are essential for maintaining the rhythm of the music.

Accidental notes are notes altered by a sharp (#), flat (b), or natural signs (♮), which raise, lower, or restore their pitch. Accidentals allow for notes outside the key signature.

Dotted notes are notes with a dot placed after it. This dot increases the notes duration by half of its original value. For example, a dotted half note lasts for three beats, two beats for the half note plus one more beat for the dot.

Unison notes refer to two or more notes of the same pitch played at the same time. This is common in ensemble playing when multiple instruments or voices perform the same melody.

Octave in piano are the interval between one note and another that is double or half its frequency. In piano music, an octave indicates the same note played in different registers on the keyboard.

Ledger line notes are notes that fall above or below the regular staff, indicated by short lines added above or below the staff. These notes extend the range of the staff and allow for higher and lower notes.

Cue notes are smaller notes used to indicate a part of the music for a specific instrument or voice, often as a guide for the performer. They are typically seen in orchestral scores.